Negative electrode solvent: Deionized water

High purity: Using ion exchange resins or reverse osmosis technology, deionized water removes nearly all ionic impurities (e.g. Na, K, Mg²⁺, Cl, SO², etc.). Its conductivity is as low as 0.05 µS/cm, far below ordinary tap water (typically 200–1000 µS/cm).

Chemical stability: Deionized water is theoretically neutral (pH = 7) and chemically inert under typical slurry preparation conditions. Its ultra low conductivity prevents the introduction of ionic impurities, which would otherwise degrade slurry stability and battery performance.

Low viscosity: Deionized water features low viscosity and favorable fluidity. It effectively lowers overall slurry viscosity and facilitates uniform dispersion of active materials (graphite, silicon based materials) and conductive agents (carbon black).