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| Parameter indicators | Oxide composite film (Oxide-based) | Sulfide-based composite film (Sulfide-based) | Polymer-based membrane (Polymer-based) |
| Main components | LLZO/LLTO + polymer bonding | LPS/LPSCl + elastomer | PEO/PVDF + lithium salt |
| Thickness | 30 - 60 μm | 40 - 80 μm | 50 - 150 μm |
| Ion conductivity (RT) | $10^{-4} \sim 10^{-5}$ S/cm | $> 10^{-3}$ S/cm | $10^{-5} \sim 10^{-6}$ S/cm |
| Electrochemical window | 0 - 5V | 0 - 5V (requires passivation layer) | 0 - 4.2V |
| Characteristics | The air stability is relatively good and the strength is high. | The highest conductivity, requires strict avoidance of water and oxygen. | The flexibility is the best and the contact impedance is low. |
Application scenario
Sulfide solid-state electrolyte membrane: It has the highest ionic conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, with high energy density. It exhibits good toughness under impact or deformation. It is mainly applied in all-solid-state batteries and semi-solid-state batteries, and is particularly suitable for the power battery field with extremely high requirements for energy density and charging-discharging speed.
Oxide solid-state electrolyte membrane: Represented by LLZO (Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂), it has excellent air stability and a wide electrochemical window (up to over 6V), showing good stability towards lithium metal anode. It has high chemical stability, can be processed in the air, has high mechanical strength, can effectively inhibit lithium dendrite growth, and has relatively low manufacturing cost. It is mainly applied in energy storage systems and high-end consumer electronic products with extremely high safety requirements.
Polymer solid-state electrolyte membrane: Represented by PEO (polyethylene oxide), it has excellent flexibility and mature processing technology. The transport of lithium ions in PEO occurs through the dissociation of lithium salts and their coordination with EO groups, and the migration is achieved under the movement of polymer molecular chains. It is mainly applied in flexible electronic devices and special-shaped batteries, such as wearable devices, flexible displays and other emerging markets.
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